Copper is a reddish, highly conductive transition metal used widely in electrical wiring, electronics, alloys (bronze, brass), plumbing, and coinage.
| Atomic Mass (u) | 63.546 |
| Density (g/cm³) | 8.96 |
| Melting Point (K) | 1357.77 K 1084.62 °C |
| Boiling Point | 2833 K 2562 °C |
| Phase at STP | Solid |
| Category | Transition Metals |
| Liquid Density (g/cm³) | 8.02 |
| Molar Volume (cm³/mol) | 7.09 |
| Emission Spectrum (nm) | — |
| English Name | Copper |
| English Pronunciation | ˈkɒpər |
| Latin Name | Cuprum |
| Latin Pronunciation | KOO-prum |
| Year | — |
| Discoverer | - |
| Country | — |
| CAS Number | 7440-50-8 |
| CID Number | 23978 |
| RTECS Number | — |
| Electron Shell | K2 L8 M18 N1 |
| Electron Configuration | [Ar] 3d^1^04s^1 |
| Oxidation States | +1 +2 +3 |
| Ion Charge | Cu+, Cu2+ |
| Ionization Potential (eV) | 7.726 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.9 |
| Electron Affinity (kJ/mol) | 119.159 |
| Electrons | 29 |
| Protons | 29 |
| Neutrons | 34 |
| Valence | I, II |
| Block | D |
| Atomic Radius (pm) | 128 |
| Covalent Radius (pm) | 122 |
| van der Waals Radius (pm) | 196 |
| Phase | SOLID |
| Heat of Fusion (kJ/mol) | 13.26 |
| Specific Heat (J/g·K) | 0.385 |
| Thermal Expansion (1/K) | 0 |
| Heat of Vaporization (kJ/mol) | 300.4 |
| Brinell Hardness | 35 |
| Mohs Hardness | 3 |
| Vickers Hardness | 50 |
| Bulk Modulus (GPa) | 140 |
| Young's Modulus (GPa) | 110 |
| Shear Modulus (GPa) | 48 |
| Poisson Ratio | 0.34 |
| Sound Speed (m/s) | 3570 |
| Refractive Index | — |
| Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 401 |
| Electrical Conductivity (S/m) | 59600000 |
| Electrical Type | CONDUCTOR |
| Magnetic Type | DIAMAGNETIC |
| Volume Magnetic Susceptibility | 0 |
| Mass Magnetic Susceptibility | — |
| Molar Magnetic Susceptibility | — |
| Resistivity (Ω·m) | 0 |
| Superconducting Point (K) | — |
| Structure | Face-centered cubic (fcc) |
| System | CUBIC |
| Space Group | Fm-3m (No. 225) |
| a (Å) | 3.615 |
| b (Å) | 3.615 |
| c (Å) | 3.615 |
| α (°) | 90 |
| β (°) | 90 |
| γ (°) | 90 |
| Debye Temperature (K) | 343 |
| Radioactive | No |
| Half-life | — |
| Lifetime | — |
| Neutron Cross-section (barn) | 3.78 |
| Health Hazard | — |
| Reactivity Hazard | — |
| Specific Hazard | Dust/fume may cause irritation; metal is highly conductive |
| Universe | — |
| Sun | — |
| Oceans | — |
| Human Body | 0.0001 |
| Earth Crust | 0.0068 |
| Meteorites | — |