Science – Class 10 – CBSE Syllabus

Chemical reactions, Chemical equation, Balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions, oxidation and reduction.

Acids and Bases – definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH– ions, identification using indicators, chemical properties, examples and uses, neutralization, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required), importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide,Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series; Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion and its prevention.

Covalent bonds – formation and properties of covalent compounds, Versatile nature of carbon, Hydrocarbons – saturated and unsaturated Homologous series. Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes, alkyne and carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes). Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps anddetergents.

‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and excretion in plantsand animals.

Tropic movements in plants; Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system; Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.

Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health - needand methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and women’s health.

Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits: Sex determination; brief introduction.

Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required), magnification. Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index. Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula (Derivationnot required); Magnification. Power of a lens. Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications ofspherical mirrors and lenses. Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life (excluding colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset).

Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R.

Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC. Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.