Science – Class 9 – CBSE Syllabus

Unit-wise and chapter-wise breakdown with sections, competencies, and learning outcomes.

1MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS
Definition of matter; Particulate Nature of Matter; States of Matter: solid, liquid and gas and their characteristics. Change of state – melting (absorption of heat), freezing, evaporation (cooling by evaporation), condensation, and sublimation.
Competencies:
  • Explains the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases based on particle nature.
  • Describes the processes of change of state with examples from daily life.
Explanation / Learning Outcomes:
  • Understands the concept of matter and its particulate nature.
  • Explains how heating and cooling cause changes of state in substances.
2IS MATTER AROUND US PURE
Elements, compounds, and mixtures. Heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures, colloids, and suspensions. Physical and chemical changes (excluding separating the components of a mixture). Pure and impure substances.
Competencies:
  • Classifies substances as elements, compounds, and mixtures based on composition and properties.
  • Differentiates between physical and chemical changes in matter.
Explanation / Learning Outcomes:
  • Describes characteristics of mixtures and pure substances with examples.
  • Identifies types of mixtures and explains their properties such as colloids and suspensions.
3ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Atoms and molecules; Law of Chemical Combination. Chemical formula of common compounds; Atomic and molecular masses.
Competencies:
  • Explains the concept of atoms and molecules and their combinations to form compounds.
  • Applies the Law of Chemical Combination to form chemical formulas.
Explanation / Learning Outcomes:
  • Calculates molecular masses and determines chemical formulas using valency.
  • Explains the significance of atomic and molecular masses in chemical reactions.
4STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Sub-atomic particles: Electrons, protons, and neutrons. Models of atom; Valency; Atomic Number and Mass Number. Isotopes and Isobars.
Competencies:
  • Describes the structure of an atom in terms of subatomic particles and atomic models.
  • Explains atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and isobars with examples.
Explanation / Learning Outcomes:
  • Understands the composition of atoms and differentiates between isotopes and isobars.
  • Explains the concept of valency and its role in forming chemical bonds.

Cell - Basic Unit of life:
Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes - basic structure, number.
Tissues, Organs, Organ System, Organism:
Structure and functions of animal and plant tissues (only four types of tissues in animals; Meristematicand Permanent tissues in plants).

Motion:
Distance and displacement, velocity; uniform and non-uniform motion along a straight line; acceleration, distance-time and velocity-time graphs for uniform motion and uniformly accelerated motion, elementary idea of uniform circular motion.
Force and Newton’s laws:
Force and Motion, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Action and Reaction forces,Inertia of a body, Inertia and mass, Momentum, Force and Acceleration.
Gravitation:
Gravitation; Universal Law of Gravitation, Force of Gravitation of the earth (gravity),Acceleration due to Gravity; Mass and Weight; Free fall.
Floatation:
Thrust and Pressure. Archimedes’ Principle; Buoyancy.
Work, Energy and Power:
Work done by a Force, Energy, power; Kinetic and Potential energy; Lawof conservation of energy (excluding commercial unit of Energy).
Sound:
Nature of sound and its propagation in various media, speed of sound, range of hearing inhumans; ultrasound; reflection of sound; echo.

Cell as a basic unit of life; prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, multicellular organisms; cell membrane and cell wall, cell organelles and cell inclusions; chloroplast, mitochondria, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus; nucleus, chromosomes - basic structure, number.