Which of the following cannot be valid assignments of probabilities for outcomes of the sample space \(S = \{\omega_{1}, \omega_{2}, \omega_{3}, \omega_{4}, \omega_{5}, \omega_{6}, \omega_{7}\}\)?
Assignments:
(a) \(P(\omega_{1}) = 0.1, P(\omega_{2}) = 0.01, P(\omega_{3}) = 0.05, P(\omega_{4}) = 0.03, P(\omega_{5}) = 0.01, P(\omega_{6}) = 0.2, P(\omega_{7}) = 0.6\)
(b) \(P(\omega_{1}) = P(\omega_{2}) = P(\omega_{3}) = P(\omega_{4}) = P(\omega_{5}) = P(\omega_{6}) = P(\omega_{7}) = 1/7\)
(c) \(P(\omega_{1}) = 0.1, P(\omega_{2}) = 0.2, P(\omega_{3}) = 0.3, P(\omega_{4}) = 0.4, P(\omega_{5}) = 0.5, P(\omega_{6}) = 0.6, P(\omega_{7}) = 0.7\)
(d) \(P(\omega_{1}) = -0.1, P(\omega_{2}) = 0.2, P(\omega_{3}) = 0.3, P(\omega_{4}) = 0.4, P(\omega_{5}) = -0.2, P(\omega_{6}) = 0.1, P(\omega_{7}) = 0.3\)
(e) \(P(\omega_{1}) = 1/14, P(\omega_{2}) = 2/14, P(\omega_{3}) = 3/14, P(\omega_{4}) = 4/14, P(\omega_{5}) = 5/14, P(\omega_{6}) = 6/14, P(\omega_{7}) = 15/14\)
(a) Yes
(b) Yes
(c) No
(d) No
(e) No
A coin is tossed twice. What is the probability that at least one tail occurs?
3/4
A die is thrown. Find the probability of the following events:
(i) A prime number will appear.
(ii) A number greater than or equal to 3 will appear.
(iii) A number less than or equal to 1 will appear.
(iv) A number more than 6 will appear.
(v) A number less than 6 will appear.
(i) 1/2
(ii) 2/3
(iii) 1/6
(iv) 0
(v) 5/6
A card is selected from a pack of 52 cards.
(a) How many points are there in the sample space?
(b) Calculate the probability that the card is an ace of spades.
(c) Calculate the probability that the card is (i) an ace (ii) a black card.
(a) 52
(b) 1/52
(c) (i) 1/13 (ii) 1/2
A fair coin with 1 marked on one face and 6 on the other and a fair die are both tossed. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers that turn up is
(i) 3
(ii) 12.
(i) 1/12
(ii) 1/12
There are four men and six women on the city council. If one council member is selected for a committee at random, how likely is it that it is a woman?
3/5
A fair coin is tossed four times, and a person wins Rs 1 for each head and loses Rs 1.50 for each tail that turns up.
From the sample space, calculate how many different amounts of money you can have after four tosses and the probability of having each of these amounts.
Possible amounts: Rs 4.00 gain, Rs 1.50 gain, Re 1.00 loss, Rs 3.50 loss, Rs 6.00 loss.
P(Winning Rs 4.00) = 1/16
P(Winning Rs 1.50) = 1/4
P(Losing Re 1.00) = 3/8
P(Losing Rs 3.50) = 1/4
P(Losing Rs 6.00) = 1/16
Three coins are tossed once. Find the probability of getting
(i) 3 heads
(ii) 2 heads
(iii) at least 2 heads
(iv) at most 2 heads
(v) no head
(vi) 3 tails
(vii) exactly two tails
(viii) no tail
(ix) at most two tails.
(i) 1/8
(ii) 3/8
(iii) 1/2
(iv) 7/8
(v) 1/8
(vi) 1/8
(vii) 3/8
(viii) 1/8
(ix) 7/8
If 2/11 is the probability of an event, what is the probability of the event ‘not A’?
9/11
A letter is chosen at random from the word “ASSASSINATION”. Find the probability that the letter chosen is
(i) a vowel
(ii) a consonant.
(i) 6/13
(ii) 7/13
In a lottery, a person chooses six different natural numbers at random from 1 to 20 and if these six numbers match with the six numbers already fixed by the lottery committee, he wins the prize. What is the probability of winning the prize in the game? (Order of the numbers is not important.)
1/38760
Check whether the following probabilities P(A) and P(B) are consistently defined:
(i) P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.7, P(A ∩ B) = 0.6
(ii) P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.4, P(A ∪ B) = 0.8
(i) No, because P(A ∩ B) must be less than or equal to P(A) and P(B).
(ii) Yes
Fill in the blanks in the following table:
P(A), P(B), P(A ∩ B), P(A ∪ B):
(i) P(A) = 1/3, P(B) = 1/5, P(A ∩ B) = 1/15, P(A ∪ B) = ?
(ii) P(A) = 0.35, P(B) = ?, P(A ∩ B) = 0.25, P(A ∪ B) = 0.6
(iii) P(A) = 0.5, P(B) = 0.35, P(A ∩ B) = ?, P(A ∪ B) = 0.7
(i) 7/15
(ii) 0.5
(iii) 0.15
Given P(A) = 3/5 and P(B) = 1/5. Find P(A or B), if A and B are mutually exclusive events.
4/5
If E and F are events such that P(E) = 1/4, P(F) = 1/2 and P(E and F) = 1/8, find
(i) P(E or F)
(ii) P(not E and not F).
(i) 5/8
(ii) 3/8
Events E and F are such that P(not E or not F) = 0.25. State whether E and F are mutually exclusive.
No
A and B are events such that P(A) = 0.42, P(B) = 0.48 and P(A and B) = 0.16. Determine
(i) P(not A)
(ii) P(not B)
(iii) P(A or B).
(i) 0.58
(ii) 0.52
(iii) 0.74
In Class XI of a school, 40% of the students study Mathematics and 30% study Biology. 10% of the class study both Mathematics and Biology. If a student is selected at random from the class, find the probability that the student will be studying Mathematics or Biology.
0.6
In an entrance test graded on the basis of two examinations, the probability of a randomly chosen student passing the first examination is 0.8 and the probability of passing the second examination is 0.7. The probability of passing at least one of them is 0.95. What is the probability of passing both?
0.55
The probability that a student will pass the final examination in both English and Hindi is 0.5 and the probability of passing neither is 0.1. If the probability of passing the English examination is 0.75, what is the probability of passing the Hindi examination?
0.65
In a class of 60 students, 30 opted for NCC, 32 opted for NSS and 24 opted for both NCC and NSS. If one of these students is selected at random, find the probability that
(i) the student opted for NCC or NSS
(ii) the student has opted neither NCC nor NSS
(iii) the student has opted NSS but not NCC.
(i) 19/30
(ii) 11/30
(iii) 2/15