A pencil costs Rs p and a pen costs Rs 5p.
The cost of pen is 5 times the cost of a pencil.
Step 1: Let the cost of a pencil be (p) rupees.
Step 2: The cost of a pen is given as (5p) rupees.
Step 3: Compare the two costs using a ratio:
(displaystyle rac{ ext{Cost of pen}}{ ext{Cost of pencil}} ;=; rac{5p}{p}).
Step 4: Simplify the fraction (for (p > 0)):
(displaystyle rac{5p}{p} ;=; 5).
Conclusion: The pen costs 5 times the pencil.
Quick check (example): If (p = 2) rupees, then pen (= 5 imes 2 = 10) rupees. This matches our conclusion.