Kinetic Theory of Gases

Molecular description of gases, pressure, mean free path and gas laws.

1.Introduction to Kinetic Theory
Simple explanation of how gases are made of rapidly moving particles and how their motion explains gas behaviour.
2.Molecular Nature of Matter
Understand that all matter is made of extremely small particles that are always in motion.
3.Behaviour of Gases
Learn how gas molecules move freely, spread out quickly, and change pressure and volume.
4.Assumptions of Kinetic Theory
Understand the basic assumptions like point-sized molecules, elastic collisions and no intermolecular forces.
5.Pressure of a Gas
Simple explanation of how gas molecules colliding with container walls create pressure.
6.Microscopic Derivation of Pressure
Learn how molecular motion leads to the formula relating gas pressure and molecular speeds.
7.Kinetic Energy of Gas Molecules
Understand how temperature is directly related to the average kinetic energy of gas molecules.
8.Temperature and Molecular Motion
Learn how increasing temperature speeds up molecular motion and changes gas properties.
9.Degrees of Freedom
Beginner-friendly explanation of the independent ways in which gas molecules can move.
10.Law of Equipartition of Energy
Understand how energy is shared equally among all active degrees of freedom of a gas molecule.
11.Specific Heats of Gases
Learn about Cv and Cp and how specific heats differ for monatomic, diatomic and polyatomic gases.
12.Ratio of Specific Heats (Gamma)
Understand the importance of the ratio Cp/Cv and how it affects gas behaviour.
13.Mean Free Path
Learn what the mean free path is and how often gas molecules collide while moving.
14.Collision Frequency and Collision Number
Understand how frequently gas molecules collide and how many collisions happen per second.
15.Ideal Gas Concept
Simple idea of an ideal gas that perfectly follows the kinetic theory assumptions and gas laws.
16.Gas Laws
Learn Boyle’s, Charles’, and Gay-Lussac’s laws explained with simple visual and real-life ideas.
17.Ideal Gas Equation and Gas Constant
Understand the equation PV = nRT and the meaning of the universal gas constant R.
18.Boltzmann Constant
Learn how the Boltzmann constant links temperature with average energy of particles.
19.RMS Speed of Gas Molecules
Understand root-mean-square speed and how it depends on temperature and molecular mass.
20.Maxwell Speed Distribution
Simple explanation of how molecular speeds in a gas are spread out according to a distribution curve.
21.Most Probable, Mean and RMS Speeds
Learn the difference between most probable, average, and RMS speeds of gas molecules.
22.Pressure–Energy Relation
Understand how gas pressure is connected to the average kinetic energy of its molecules.
23.Real Gases vs Ideal Gases
Simple explanation of why real gases deviate from ideal behaviour at high pressure and low temperature.
24.Limitations of Kinetic Theory
Learn where kinetic theory fails and why real gases do not follow its assumptions perfectly.