Nuclei

Nuclear structure, radioactivity, fission and fusion.

1.Introduction to Nuclei
A simple explanation of what the nucleus is, why it is important, and how it forms the core of an atom.
2.Composition of the Nucleus
Learn about protons, neutrons and how they come together to form the atomic nucleus.
3.Atomic Number and Mass Number
Understand the basic nuclear quantities that describe different atoms and elements.
4.Isotopes, Isobars and Isotones
Simple explanations of common nuclear terms that describe variations of elements.
5.Nuclear Size and Density
Learn how scientists estimate the size and density of the nucleus using basic physics.
6.Nuclear Forces
Beginner-friendly introduction to the strong nuclear force that binds protons and neutrons together.
7.Mass–Energy Equivalence
Understand the famous relation \(E = mc^2\) and why mass can convert into energy.
8.Binding Energy
Learn what nuclear binding energy means and how it tells us how stable a nucleus is.
9.Packing Fraction and Nuclear Stability
A simple explanation of why some nuclei are more stable than others.
10.Radioactivity
Understand natural and artificial radioactivity and how unstable nuclei emit radiation.
11.Alpha, Beta and Gamma Decay
Clear explanation of the three main types of radioactive decay with everyday examples.
12.Half-life and Mean Life
Learn how long radioactive substances take to decay and what half-life really means.
13.Nuclear Fission
Understand how heavy nuclei split to release energy and how nuclear reactors use this process.
14.Nuclear Fusion
Learn how lighter nuclei combine to form heavier ones and why fusion powers the Sun.
15.Chain Reaction
Beginner-friendly explanation of how one nuclear reaction can trigger many more.
16.Applications of Radioactivity
Medical, industrial and scientific uses of radioactive substances explained in simple terms.
17.Dangers and Safety Measures
Learn about the risks of radiation exposure and how safety precautions protect us.