NCERT Exemplar Solutions
Class 10 - Mathematics - CHAPTER 3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables
Exercise 3.4

Graphical solutions, intercept/area reasoning, and algebraic applications of linear pairs.

Question. 1

Graphically, solve the pair: \(2x + y = 6\) and \(2x - y + 2 = 0\). Also find the ratio of the areas of the two triangles formed by the pair of lines with (a) the x–axis and (b) the y–axis.

Answer:

Solution: \(x = 1\), \(y = 4\). Area ratio (with x–axis : with y–axis) = 4 : 1.

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Question. 2

Determine, graphically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines \(y = x\), \(3y = x\), and \(x + y = 8\).

Answer:

Vertices: \((0,0)\), \((4,4)\), and \((6,2)\).

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Question. 3

Draw the graphs of \(x = 3\), \(x = 5\), and \(2x - y - 4 = 0\). Find the area of the quadrilateral formed by these lines and the x–axis.

Answer:

Area \(= 8\) square units.

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Question. 4

The cost of 4 pens and 4 pencil boxes is Rs 100. Also, three times the cost of a pen is Rs 15 more than the cost of a pencil box. Form the pair of linear equations and find both costs.

Answer:

Pen = Rs 10 each; Pencil box = Rs 15 each.

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Question. 5

Determine, algebraically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the lines \(3x - y = 3\), \(2x - 3y = 2\), and \(x + 2y = 8\).

Answer:

Vertices: \((1,0)\), \((4,2)\), and \((2,3)\).

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Question. 6

Ankita travels 14 km partly by rickshaw and partly by bus. She takes 30 minutes if 2 km is by rickshaw and the rest by bus. If 4 km is by rickshaw and the rest by bus, she takes 9 minutes longer. Find the speeds of the rickshaw and the bus.

Answer:

Rickshaw speed = 10 km/h; Bus speed = 40 km/h.

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Question. 7

A person rows at 5 km/h in still water. It takes thrice as much time to go 40 km upstream as 40 km downstream. Find the speed of the stream.

Answer:

Speed of stream = 2.5 km/h.

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Question. 8

A motor boat covers 30 km upstream and 28 km downstream in 7 hours. It can travel 21 km upstream and return in 5 hours. Find its speed in still water and the speed of the stream.

Answer:

Boat in still water = 10 km/h; Stream = 4 km/h.

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Question. 9

A two-digit number equals \(8\) times the sum of its digits minus \(5\), and also equals \(16\) times the difference of its digits plus \(3\). Find the number.

Answer:

The number is 83.

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Question. 10

A reserved first-class full ticket from A to B costs Rs 2530. A reserved full + a reserved half together cost Rs 3810. The reservation charge is the same for both, but a half ticket has half fare. Find the full fare and the reservation charge.

Answer:

Full fare = Rs 2500; Reservation charge = Rs 30 per ticket.

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Question. 11

A shopkeeper sells a saree at 8% profit and a sweater at 10% discount to get Rs 1008 in total. If instead she sells the saree at 10% profit and the sweater at 8% discount, she gets Rs 1028. Find the cost price of the saree and the list price of the sweater.

Answer:

Saree (cost price) = Rs 600; Sweater (list price) = Rs 400.

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Question. 12

Susan invests in two schemes A (8% p.a.) and B (9% p.a.). She receives Rs 1860 interest in total. If interchanged, the interest would be Rs 20 more. Find the amounts invested in each scheme.

Answer:

Scheme A: Rs 12,000; Scheme B: Rs 10,000.

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Question. 13

Vijay sold bananas in two lots A and B. For A: Rs 2 for 3 bananas; for B: Re 1 each. Total Rs 400. If he had sold A at Re 1 each and B at Rs 4 for 5 bananas, total would be Rs 460. Find the total number of bananas.

Answer:

Total bananas = 500 (Lot A: 300, Lot B: 200).

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NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 10 – Mathematics – CHAPTER 3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables – Exercise 3.4 | Detailed Answers