NCERT Exemplar Solutions
Class 10 - Mathematics
CHAPTER 4: Quadatric Equation

Graphical and algebraic solutions of pairs of linear equations.

Exercise 4.1

Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the following questions:

Question.  1

Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

(A)

\(x^2+2x+1=(4-x)^2+3\)

(B)

\(-2x^2=(5-x)\left(2x-\dfrac{2}{5}\right)\)

(C)

\((k+1)x^2+\dfrac{3}{2}x=7,\; k=-1\)

(D)

\(x^3-x^2=(x-1)^3\)

Open

Question.  2

Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?

(A)

\(2(x-1)^2=4x^2-2x+1\)

(B)

\(2x-x^2=x^2+5\)

(C)

\((\sqrt{2}x+\sqrt{3})^2+x^2=3x^2-5x\)

(D)

\((x^2+2x)^2=x^4+3+4x^3\)

Open

Question.  3

Which equation has \(2\) as a root?

(A)

\(x^2-4x+5=0\)

(B)

\(x^2+3x-12=0\)

(C)

\(2x^2-7x+6=0\)

(D)

\(3x^2-6x-2=0\)

Open

Question.  4

If \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) is a root of \(x^2+kx-\dfrac{5}{4}=0\), the value of \(k\) is

(A)

2

(B)

−2

(C)

\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)

(D)

\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Open

Question.  5

Which equation has the sum of its roots equal to \(3\)?

(A)

\(2x^2-3x+6=0\)

(B)

\(-x^2+3x-3=0\)

(C)

\(\sqrt{2}\,x^2-\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}x+1=0\)

(D)

\(3x^2-3x+3=0\)

Open

Question.  6

Values of \(k\) for which \(2x^2-kx+k=0\) has equal roots are

(A)

0 only

(B)

4

(C)

8 only

(D)

0, 8

Open

Question.  7

Which constant must be added and subtracted to complete the square in \(9x^2 + \dfrac{3}{4}x - \sqrt{2} = 0\)?

(A)

\(\dfrac{1}{8}\)

(B)

\(\dfrac{1}{64}\)

(C)

\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)

(D)

\(\dfrac{9}{64}\)

Open

Question.  8

The quadratic \(2x^2-\sqrt{5}\,x+1=0\) has

(A)

two distinct real roots

(B)

two equal real roots

(C)

no real roots

(D)

more than two real roots

Open

Question.  9

Which equation has two distinct real roots?

(A)

\(2x^2-3\sqrt{2}x+\dfrac{9}{4}=0\)

(B)

\(x^2+x-5=0\)

(C)

\(x^2+3x+2\sqrt{2}=0\)

(D)

\(5x^2-3x+1=0\)

Open

Question.  10

Which equation has no real roots?

(A)

\(x^2-4x+3\sqrt{2}=0\)

(B)

\(x^2+4x-3\sqrt{2}=0\)

(C)

\(x^2-4x-3\sqrt{2}=0\)

(D)

\(3x^2+4\sqrt{3}x+4=0\)

Open

Question.  11

\((x^2+1)^2-x^2=0\) has

(A)

four real roots

(B)

two real roots

(C)

no real roots

(D)

one real root

Open

Exercise 4.2

Reasoning and justification questions on quadratic equations: discriminant test, true/false, irrational roots, and conceptual proofs.

Question. 1

State whether the following quadratic equations have two distinct real roots. Justify your answer.

(i) \(x^2 - 3x + 4 = 0\)

(ii) \(2x^2 + x - 1 = 0\)

(iii) \(2x^2 - 6x + \dfrac{9}{2} = 0\)

(iv) \(3x^2 - 4x + 1 = 0\)

(v) \((x+4)^2 - 8x = 0\)

(vi) \((x - \sqrt{2})^2 - 2(x+1) = 0\)

(vii) \(\sqrt{2}x^2 - \dfrac{3}{\sqrt{2}}x + \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}} = 0\)

(viii) \(x(1-x) - 2 = 0\)

(ix) \((x-1)(x+2)+2=0\)

(x) \((x+1)(x-2)+x=0\)

Answer:

(i) No (D = -7)

(ii) Yes (D = 9)

(iii) No (D = 0)

(iv) Yes (D = 4)

(v) No (D = 0)

(vi) Yes (D = 4)

(vii) Yes (D = 2)

(viii) Yes (D = 9)

(ix) Yes (D = 1)

(x) Yes (D = 5)

Open

Question. 2

Write whether the following statements are true or false. Justify.

(i) Every quadratic has exactly one root.

(ii) Every quadratic has at least one real root.

(iii) Every quadratic has at least two roots.

(iv) Every quadratic has at most two roots.

(v) If coefficient of \(x^2\) and constant term have opposite signs, the quadratic has real roots.

(vi) If coefficient of \(x^2\) and constant have same sign and coefficient of x term is 0, then quadratic has no real roots.

Answer:

(i) False

(ii) False

(iii) True (but not necessarily distinct real)

(iv) True

(v) True

(vi) True

Open

Question. 3

A quadratic equation with integral coefficients has integral roots. Justify.

Answer:

False.

Open

Question. 4

Does there exist a quadratic equation with rational coefficients but irrational roots? Justify.

Answer:

Yes.

Open

Question. 5

Does there exist a quadratic equation with irrational coefficients but rational roots? Why?

Answer:

Yes.

Open

Question. 6

Is 0.2 a root of \(x^2-0.4=0\)? Justify.

Answer:

No.

Open

Question. 7

If b=0 and c<0, are the roots of \(x^2+bx+c=0\) numerically equal and opposite in sign? Justify.

Answer:

Yes.

Open

Exercise 4.3

Finding roots by the quadratic formula and by factorisation (with clear beginner steps).

Question. 1

Find the roots of the quadratic equations by using the quadratic formula in each of the following:

(i) \(2x^2 - 3x - 5 = 0\)

(ii) \(5x^2 + 13x + 8 = 0\)

(iii) \(-3x^2 + 5x + 12 = 0\)

(iv) \(-x^2 + 7x - 10 = 0\)

(v) \(x^2 + 2\sqrt{2}\,x - 6 = 0\)

(vi) \(x^2 - 3\sqrt{5}\,x + 10 = 0\)

(vii) \(\dfrac{1}{2}x^2 - \sqrt{11}\,x + 1 = 0\)

Answer:

(i) \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\), \(x=-1\)

(ii) \(x=-1\), \(x=-\dfrac{8}{5}\)

(iii) \(x=3\), \(x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\)

(iv) \(x=5\), \(x=2\)

(v) \(x=\sqrt{2}\), \(x=-3\sqrt{2}\)

(vi) \(x=2\sqrt{5}\), \(x=\sqrt{5}\)

(vii) \(x=\sqrt{11}+3\), \(x=\sqrt{11}-3\)

Open

Question. 2

Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by the factorisation method:

(i) \(2x^2 + \dfrac{5}{3}x - 2 = 0\)

(ii) \(\dfrac{2}{5}x^2 - x - \dfrac{3}{5} = 0\)

(iii) \(3\sqrt{2}\,x^2 - 5x - \sqrt{2} = 0\)

(iv) \(3x^2 + 5\sqrt{5}\,x - 10 = 0\)

(v) \(21x^2 - 2x + \dfrac{1}{21} = 0\)

Answer:

(i) \(x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\), \(x=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

(ii) \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\), \(x=3\)

(iii) \(x=\sqrt{2}\), \(x=-\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{6}\)

(iv) \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\), \(x=-2\sqrt{5}\)

(v) double root \(x=\dfrac{1}{21}\)

Open

Exercise 4.4

Nature of roots (using discriminant) and word problems modeled with quadratics.

Question. 1

Find whether the following equations have real roots. If real roots exist, find them.

(i) \(8x^2 + 2x - 3 = 0\)

(ii) \(-2x^2 + 3x + 2 = 0\)

(iii) \(5x^2 - 2x - 10 = 0\)

(iv) \(\dfrac{1}{2x-3} + \dfrac{1}{x-5} = 1\),   \(x \neq \dfrac{3}{2},\; 5\)

(v) \(x^2 + 5\sqrt{5}\,x - 70 = 0\)

Answer:

(i) Real and distinct: \(x = -\dfrac{3}{4},\; \dfrac{1}{2}\).

(ii) Real and distinct: \(x = -\dfrac{1}{2},\; 2\).

(iii) Real and distinct: \(x = \dfrac{1 - \sqrt{51}}{5},\; \dfrac{1 + \sqrt{51}}{5}\).

(iv) Real and distinct: \(x = 4 \pm \dfrac{3\sqrt{2}}{2}\).

(v) Real and distinct: \(x = -7\sqrt{5},\; 2\sqrt{5}\).

Open

Question. 2

Find a natural number whose square diminished by \(84\) is equal to thrice of \(8\) more than the given number.

Answer:

12

Open

Question. 3

A natural number, when increased by \(12\), equals \(160\) times its reciprocal. Find the number.

Answer:

8

Open

Question. 4

A train, travelling at a uniform speed for \(360\,\text{km}\), would have taken \(48\) minutes less to travel the same distance if its speed were \(5\,\text{km/h}\) more. Find the original speed of the train.

Answer:

45 km/h

Open

Question. 5

If Zeba were younger by \(5\) years than what she really is, then the square of her age (in years) would have been \(11\) more than five times her actual age. What is her age now?

Answer:

14 years

Open

Question. 6

At present Asha’s age (in years) is \(2\) more than the square of her daughter Nisha’s age. When Nisha grows to her mother’s present age, Asha’s age would be one year less than \(10\) times the present age of Nisha. Find their present ages.

Answer:

Nisha: 5 years; Asha: 27 years

Open

Question. 7

In the centre of a rectangular lawn of dimensions \(50\,\text{m} \times 40\,\text{m}\), a rectangular pond is to be constructed so that the area of grass surrounding the pond is \(1184\,\text{m}^2\) (see Fig. 4.1). Find the length and breadth of the pond.

Answer:

Length = 34 m, Breadth = 24 m

Open

Question. 8

At \(t\) minutes past 2 pm, the time needed by the minute hand of a clock to show 3 pm was found to be \(3\) minutes less than \(\dfrac{t^2}{4}\) minutes. Find \(t\).

Answer:

\(t = 6\) minutes

Open

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 10 – Mathematics – CHAPTER 4: Quadatric Equation | Detailed Answers