NCERT Exemplar Solutions
Class 10 - Mathematics - CHAPTER 3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables - Exercise 3.3
Question 9

Question. 9

(i). \(x + y = 3.3\) and \(\dfrac{0.6}{3x - 2y} = -1\), \(3x - 2y \ne 0\).

(ii). Solve: \(\dfrac{x}{3} + \dfrac{y}{4} = 4\) and \(\dfrac{5x}{6} - \dfrac{y}{8} = 4\).

(iii). Solve: \(4x + \dfrac{6}{y} = 15\) and \(6x - \dfrac{8}{y} = 14\), \(y \ne 0\).

(iv). Solve: \(\dfrac{1}{2x} - \dfrac{1}{y} = -1\) and \(\dfrac{1}{x} + \dfrac{1}{2y} = 8\), \(x,y \ne 0\).

(v). Solve: \(43x + 67y = -24\) and \(67x + 43y = 24\).

(vi). Solve: \(\dfrac{x}{a} + \dfrac{y}{b} = a + b\) and \(\dfrac{x}{a^2} + \dfrac{y}{b^2} = 2\), \(a,b \ne 0\).

(vii). Solve: \(\dfrac{2xy}{x + y} = \dfrac{3}{2}\) and \(\dfrac{xy}{2x - y} = -\dfrac{3}{10}\), with \(x + y \ne 0\) and \(2x - y \ne 0\).

Answer:

(i). \(x = 1.2\), \(y = 2.1\).

(ii). \(x = 6\), \(y = 8\).

(iii). \(x = 3\), \(y = 2\).

(iv). \(x = \dfrac{1}{6}\), \(y = \dfrac{1}{4}\).

(v). \(x = 1\), \(y = -1\).

(vi). \(x = a^2\), \(y = b^2\).

(vii). \(x = \dfrac{1}{2}\), \(y = -\dfrac{3}{2}\).

Detailed Answer with Explanation:

(i)

We are given two equations:

1) \(x + y = 3.3\)

2) \(\dfrac{0.6}{3x - 2y} = -1\)

From (2):

\(\dfrac{0.6}{3x - 2y} = -1\)

This means: \(3x - 2y = -0.6\).

So the system is:

\(x + y = 3.3\)

\(3x - 2y = -0.6\)

Multiply the first by 2:

\(2x + 2y = 6.6\)

Now add with the second:

\(2x + 2y + 3x - 2y = 6.6 - 0.6\)

\(5x = 6.0\)

So, \(x = 1.2\).

Put in \(x + y = 3.3\):

\(1.2 + y = 3.3\)

So, \(y = 2.1\).


(ii)

Equations:

\(\dfrac{x}{3} + \dfrac{y}{4} = 4\)

\(\dfrac{5x}{6} - \dfrac{y}{8} = 4\)

Clear fractions by multiplying:

First ×12: \(4x + 3y = 48\)

Second ×24: \(20x - 3y = 96\)

Add them:

\(4x + 20x + 3y - 3y = 48 + 96\)

\(24x = 144\)

So, \(x = 6\).

Put in \(4x + 3y = 48\):

\(24 + 3y = 48\)

\(3y = 24\)

\(y = 8\).


(iii)

Equations:

\(4x + \dfrac{6}{y} = 15\)

\(6x - \dfrac{8}{y} = 14\)

Let \(t = \dfrac{1}{y}\).

Then:

\(4x + 6t = 15\)

\(6x - 8t = 14\)

Multiply first by 3:

\(12x + 18t = 45\)

Multiply second by 2:

\(12x - 16t = 28\)

Subtract:

\(34t = 17\)

\(t = \dfrac{1}{2}\)

So, \(y = 2\).

Put in first: \(4x + 6(1/2) = 15\)

\(4x + 3 = 15\)

\(4x = 12\)

\(x = 3\).


(iv)

Equations:

\(\dfrac{1}{2x} - \dfrac{1}{y} = -1\)

\(\dfrac{1}{x} + \dfrac{1}{2y} = 8\)

Let \(u = \dfrac{1}{x}\), \(v = \dfrac{1}{y}\).

So equations become:

\(\dfrac{1}{2}u - v = -1\)

\(u + \dfrac{1}{2}v = 8\)

Multiply both by 2:

\(u - 2v = -2\)

\(2u + v = 16\)

From first: \(u = -2 + 2v\).

Substitute in second:

\(2(-2 + 2v) + v = 16\)

\(-4 + 4v + v = 16\)

\(5v = 20\)

\(v = 4\)

So, \(y = 1/v = 1/4\).

Then \(u = -2 + 2(4) = 6\)

So, \(x = 1/u = 1/6\).


(v)

Equations:

\(43x + 67y = -24\)

\(67x + 43y = 24\)

Add them:

\(110x + 110y = 0\)

\(x + y = 0\)

So, \(y = -x\).

Put in first:

\(43x + 67(-x) = -24\)

\(-24x = -24\)

\(x = 1\)

So, \(y = -1\).


(vi)

Equations:

\(\dfrac{x}{a} + \dfrac{y}{b} = a + b\)

\(\dfrac{x}{a^2} + \dfrac{y}{b^2} = 2\)

Let \(U = \dfrac{x}{a}\), \(V = \dfrac{y}{b}\).

Then:

\(U + V = a + b\)

\(\dfrac{U}{a} + \dfrac{V}{b} = 2\)

Multiply the second by \(ab\):

\(Ub + Va = 2ab\)

But from first: \(U + V = a + b\).

Check consistency: solution is \(U = a, V = b\).

So, \(x = a^2, y = b^2\).


(vii)

Equation 1:

\(\dfrac{2xy}{x + y} = \dfrac{3}{2}\)

Cross multiply:

\(4xy = 3(x + y)\)

Rearrange:

\(y(4x - 3) = 3x\)

So, \(y = \dfrac{3x}{4x - 3}\).

Equation 2:

\(\dfrac{xy}{2x - y} = -\dfrac{3}{10}\)

Substitute y:

\(\dfrac{x(3x/(4x - 3))}{2x - (3x/(4x - 3))} = -3/10\)

Simplify (step by step):

\(\dfrac{3x^2}{8x^2 - 18x + 9} = -3/10\)

Cancel 3:

\(\dfrac{x^2}{8x^2 - 18x + 9} = -1/10\)

Cross multiply:

\(10x^2 = -(8x^2 - 18x + 9)\)

\(10x^2 = -8x^2 + 18x - 9\)

\(18x^2 - 18x + 9 = 0\)

\(2x^2 - 2x + 1 = 0\) (divided by 9)

Check discriminant: \(D = (-2)^2 - 4*2*1 = 4 - 8 = -4\).

Oops, mistake in earlier simplification.

Let’s go back carefully:

From earlier, simpler substitution works:

\(\dfrac{3x}{8x - 9} = -3/10\)

Cancel 3:

\(\dfrac{x}{8x - 9} = -1/10\)

Cross multiply: \(10x = -(8x - 9)\)

\(10x = -8x + 9\)

\(18x = 9\)

\(x = 1/2\).

Find y:

\(y = \dfrac{3(1/2)}{4(1/2) - 3} = \dfrac{1.5}{2 - 3} = -3/2\).

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 10 – Mathematics – CHAPTER 3: Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables – Exercise 3.3 | Detailed Answers