NCERT Exemplar Solutions
Class 10 - Mathematics - CHAPTER 8: Introduction to Trignometry and Its Applications
Exercise 8.3

Prove identities, compute angles of elevation, and simplify expressions (Trigonometry).

Question. 1

Prove that \(\dfrac{\sin\theta}{1+\cos\theta}+\dfrac{1+\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}=2\csc\theta\).

Answer:

\(\displaystyle \dfrac{\sin\theta}{1+\cos\theta}+\dfrac{1+\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}=2\csc\theta\).

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Question. 2

Prove that \(\dfrac{\tan A}{1+\sec A}-\dfrac{\tan A}{1-\sec A}=2\csc A\).

Answer:

\(\displaystyle \dfrac{\tan A}{1+\sec A}-\dfrac{\tan A}{1-\sec A}=2\csc A\).

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Question. 3

If \(\tan A=\dfrac{3}{4}\), prove that \(\sin A\cos A=\dfrac{12}{25}\).

Answer:

\(\displaystyle \sin A\cos A=\dfrac{12}{25}\).

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Question. 4

Prove that \((\sin\alpha+\cos\alpha)(\tan\alpha+\cot\alpha)=\sec\alpha+\csc\alpha\).

Answer:

\(\displaystyle (\sin\alpha+\cos\alpha)(\tan\alpha+\cot\alpha)=\sec\alpha+\csc\alpha\).

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Question. 5

Prove that \((\sqrt{3}+1)(3-\cot 30^\circ)=\tan^3 60^\circ-2\sin 60^\circ\).

Answer:

Both sides equal \(2\sqrt{3}\).

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Question. 6

Prove that \(1+\dfrac{\cot^2\alpha}{1+\csc\alpha}=\cosec\alpha\).

Answer:

\(\displaystyle 1+\dfrac{\cot^2\alpha}{1+\csc\alpha}=\csc\alpha\).

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Question. 7

Prove that \(\tan\theta+\tan(90^\circ-\theta)=\sec\theta\,\sec(90^\circ-\theta)\).

Answer:

Identity holds.

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Question. 8

The shadow of a pole of height \(h\) metres is \(\sqrt{3}\,h\) metres long. Find the angle of elevation of the Sun.

Answer:

\(30^\circ\).

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Question. 9

If \(\sqrt{3}\,\tan\theta=1\), find \(\sin^2\theta-\cos^2\theta\).

Answer:

\(\displaystyle \sin^2\theta-\cos^2\theta=-\dfrac{1}{2}.\)

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Question. 10

A \(15\) m long ladder just reaches the top of a vertical wall making an angle of \(60^\circ\) with the wall. Find the height of the wall.

Answer:

\(7.5\,\text{m}\).

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Question. 11

Simplify \((1+\tan^2\theta)(1-\sin\theta)(1+\sin\theta)\).

Answer:

\(\displaystyle \sec^2\theta\,\cos^2\theta=1-\sin^2\theta=\cos^2\theta\) so the product equals \(1\).

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Question. 12

If \(2\sin^2\theta-\cos^2\theta=2\), find \(\theta\).

Answer:

\(\theta=90^\circ\).

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Question. 13

Prove that \(\dfrac{\cos^2(45^\circ+\theta)+\cos^2(45^\circ-\theta)}{\tan(60^\circ+\theta)\,\tan(30^\circ-\theta)}=1\).

Answer:

The value is \(1\).

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Question. 14

An observer \(1.5\) m tall is \(20.5\) m from a tower \(22\) m high. Find the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the observer's eye.

Answer:

\(\displaystyle \theta=\tan^{-1}\!\Big(\dfrac{22-1.5}{20.5}\Big)=\tan^{-1}\!\Big(\dfrac{20.5}{20.5}\Big)=\tan^{-1}(1)=45^\circ\).

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Question. 15

Prove that \(\tan^4\theta+\tan^2\theta=\sec^4\theta-\sec^2\theta\).

Answer:

Identity holds true.

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NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 10 – Mathematics – CHAPTER 8: Introduction to Trignometry and Its Applications – Exercise 8.3 | Detailed Answers