NCERT Exemplar Solutions
Class 10 - Mathematics - CHAPTER 12: Surface Areas & Volumes - Exercise 12.4
Question 12

Question. 12

A milk container of height 16 cm is a frustum with radii 8 cm and 20 cm at the ends. Find the capacity and the cost of milk at Rs 22 per litre that it can hold.

Answer:

Capacity: \(3328\pi\,\text{cm}^3\approx 10.45\,\text{L}\); Cost ≈ Rs 230

Detailed Answer with Explanation:

Step 1: Recall the formula for the volume of a frustum of a cone.

\[ V = \dfrac{1}{3} \pi h \big(R^2 + r^2 + Rr\big) \]

Here:

  • \(h = 16\,\text{cm}\) (height)
  • \(R = 20\,\text{cm}\) (larger radius)
  • \(r = 8\,\text{cm}\) (smaller radius)

Step 2: Substitute the values into the formula.

\[ V = \dfrac{1}{3} \pi (16) \big(20^2 + 8^2 + 20 \times 8\big) \]

Step 3: Simplify inside the brackets.

\(20^2 = 400\), \(8^2 = 64\), and \(20 \times 8 = 160\).

So, \(400 + 64 + 160 = 624\).

Step 4: Multiply with height.

\(16 \times 624 = 9984\).

Step 5: Multiply with \(\pi/3\).

\[ V = \dfrac{1}{3} \pi (9984) = 3328\pi\,\text{cm}^3 \]

Step 6: Approximate using \(\pi \approx 3.1416\).

\(3328 \times 3.1416 \approx 10452.65\,\text{cm}^3\).

Step 7: Convert to litres (SI unit for capacity).

Since \(1000\,\text{cm}^3 = 1\,\text{L}\),

\(10452.65\,\text{cm}^3 \approx 10.45\,\text{L}\).

Step 8: Find the cost.

Cost per litre = Rs 22.

Total cost = \(10.45 \times 22 \approx 229.9 \approx Rs 230\).

Final Answer: Capacity ≈ 10.45 L, Cost ≈ Rs 230.

NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 10 – Mathematics – CHAPTER 12: Surface Areas & Volumes – Exercise 12.4 | Detailed Answers