NCERT Solutions
Class 10 - Mathematics - Chapter 8: INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY - Exercise 8.1
Question 8

Question. 8

If 3 cot A = 4, check whether \(\dfrac{1 - \tan^2 A}{1 + \tan^2 A} = \cos^2 A - \sin^2 A\) or not.

Answer:

Yes

Video Explanation:

Detailed Answer with Explanation:

Given: \(3\cot A = 4\).

To check: whether

\(\dfrac{1-\tan^2 A}{1+\tan^2 A} = \cos^2 A - \sin^2 A\).

Step 1: Find \(\cot A\) and \(\tan A\)

From \(3\cot A = 4\), divide both sides by 3:

\(\cot A = \dfrac{4}{3}\).

Since \(\tan A = \dfrac{1}{\cot A}\), we get:

\(\tan A = \dfrac{3}{4}\).

Step 2: Check the LHS

LHS = \(\dfrac{1-\tan^2 A}{1+\tan^2 A}\).

First square \(\tan A\):

\(\tan^2 A = \left(\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2 = \dfrac{9}{16}\).

Now substitute:

\(\text{LHS} = \dfrac{1-\frac{9}{16}}{1+\frac{9}{16}}\)

Convert 1 into \(\dfrac{16}{16}\):

\(\text{LHS} = \dfrac{\frac{16}{16}-\frac{9}{16}}{\frac{16}{16}+\frac{9}{16}} = \dfrac{\frac{7}{16}}{\frac{25}{16}}\)

Divide the fractions:

\(\text{LHS} = \frac{7}{16} \times \frac{16}{25} = \dfrac{7}{25}\).

Step 3: Find \(\sin A\) and \(\cos A\) using a right triangle idea

We have \(\tan A = \dfrac{3}{4}\). Think of a right triangle where:

Opposite side = 3 units, Adjacent side = 4 units.

Then hypotenuse = \(\sqrt{3^2 + 4^2} = \sqrt{9 + 16} = \sqrt{25} = 5\) units.

Student Note: This is the standard \(3\text{-}4\text{-}5\) right triangle, which makes \(\sin\) and \(\cos\) very easy to write.

So,

\(\sin A = \dfrac{3}{5}\), and \(\cos A = \dfrac{4}{5}\).

Step 4: Check the RHS

RHS = \(\cos^2 A - \sin^2 A\).

\(\cos^2 A = \left(\dfrac{4}{5}\right)^2 = \dfrac{16}{25}\)

\(\sin^2 A = \left(\dfrac{3}{5}\right)^2 = \dfrac{9}{25}\)

So,

\(\text{RHS} = \dfrac{16}{25} - \dfrac{9}{25} = \dfrac{7}{25}\).

Step 5: Compare LHS and RHS

LHS = \(\dfrac{7}{25}\) and RHS = \(\dfrac{7}{25}\).

Since LHS = RHS, the given relation is true.

Conclusion: Yes, \(\dfrac{1-\tan^2 A}{1+\tan^2 A} = \cos^2 A - \sin^2 A\) is verified for \(3\cot A = 4\).

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