1. Meaning of Data
Data is simply a collection of information. It can be numbers, words, measurements, marks, choices, or anything that helps describe a situation. Whenever something is recorded or observed, the information collected is called data.
For example, the number of cups of water you drink daily, the temperature over a week, or the goals scored in a match — all are forms of data.
2. Types of Information Collected
Data can be different depending on what is being observed. Some information is numerical, while some is descriptive. Both are useful depending on what we want to study.
2.1. Numerical Data
This is data that can be measured or counted. It deals with numbers. Examples include ages, heights, temperatures, and scores.
2.2. Descriptive Data
This type of data describes qualities or categories. It uses words instead of numbers. Examples include colours, types of fruits, or favourite subjects.
3. Why Data is Collected
Data helps make decisions, understand patterns, compare situations, and solve problems. Without collecting data, it would be difficult to know what is happening or how things change over time.
Data handling helps turn raw information into something meaningful.
3.1. Examples of the Need for Data
- Weather data shows how temperatures change through the month.
- Sports data shows which team performed better.
- Survey data helps understand people’s opinions and choices.
- Health data helps track steps, calories, or heart rate.
4. Examples of Data in Daily Life
Data appears everywhere in daily activities. Many decisions are based on simple pieces of information collected over time. Here are a few quick examples:
- Weekly pocket money spent.
- Marks scored in different subjects.
- Number of customers visiting a shop each day.
- Monthly electric bill readings.
These pieces of information help us compare, plan, or improve decisions.