1. Meaning of Primary Data
Primary data is information collected first-hand directly from the source. It is gathered for a specific purpose, usually by observing, measuring, surveying, or recording something personally.
Since it is collected by the person who needs it, primary data is usually fresh, specific, and accurate.
1.1. Examples of Primary Data
- Measuring your own height or weight.
- Counting how many people visit a shop in one hour.
- Asking friends about their favourite sport and noting their answers.
- Recording daily rainfall using a rain gauge.
1.2. Ways to Collect Primary Data
- Surveys and questionnaires.
- Personal interviews.
- Direct observation.
- Measurements and experiments.
2. Meaning of Secondary Data
Secondary data is information that already exists and is collected by someone else. It is used when the required data is already available from a reliable source.
This type of data saves time and effort because it does not require fresh collection.
2.1. Examples of Secondary Data
- Weather reports from newspapers or apps.
- Population data from a census report.
- Marksheets or school records maintained earlier.
- Sports statistics published online or in magazines.
2.2. Common Sources of Secondary Data
- Books and reference materials.
- Newspapers and magazines.
- Government reports and databases.
- Websites and digital archives.
3. Difference Between Primary and Secondary Data
Both types of data are useful in different situations. The main difference lies in how the information is obtained and who collects it.
3.1. Quick Comparison
- Primary data → collected directly by the person who needs it.
- Secondary data → collected earlier by someone else.
- Primary data → usually more accurate for the specific purpose.
- Secondary data → easier to access and quicker to obtain.